KMS states on C*-algebras associated to local homeomorphisms

For every Hilbert bimodule over a C*-algebra, there are natural gauge actions of the circle on the associated Toeplitz algebra and Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, and hence natural dynamics obtained by lifting these gauge actions to actions of the real line. We study the KMS states of these dynamics for a family of bimodules associated to local homeomorphisms on compact spaces. For inverse temperatures larger than a certain critical value, we find a large simplex of KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra, and we show that all KMS states on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra have inverse temperature at most this critical value. We illustrate our results by considering the backward shift on the one-sided path space of a finite graph, where we can use recent results about KMS states on graph algebras to see what happens below the critical value. Our results about KMS states on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of the shift show that recent constraints on the range of inverse temperatures obtained by Thomsen are sharp.Comment: One author's name was misspelt (sorry!

Equilibrium states on higher-rank Toeplitz noncommutative solenoids

We consider a family of higher-dimensional noncommutative tori, which are twisted analogues of the algebras of continuous functions on ordinary tori, and their Toeplitz extensions. Just as solenoids are inverse limits of tori, our Toeplitz noncommutative solenoids are direct limits of the Toeplitz extensions of noncommutative tori. We consider natural dynamics on these Toeplitz algebras, and compute the equilibrium states for these dynamics. We find a large simplex of equilibrium states at each positive inverse temperature, parametrised by the probability measures on an (ordinary) solenoid.Comment: Publication version. To appear in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical System

Equilibrium states on right LCM semigroup C*-algebras

We determine the structure of equilibrium states for a natural dynamics on the boundary quotient diagram of $C^*$-algebras for a large class of right LCM semigroups. The approach is based on abstract properties of the semigroup and covers the previous case studies on $\mathbb{N} \rtimes \mathbb{N}^\times$, dilation matrices, self-similar actions, and Baumslag-Solitar monoids. At the same time, it provides new results for large classes of right LCM semigroups, including those associated to algebraic dynamical systems.Comment: 43 pages, to appear in Int. Math. Res. No

Equilibrium States on Toeplitz Algebras

This thesis describes the equilibrium states (the KMS states) of dynamical systems arising from local homeomorphisms. It has two main components. First, we consider a local homeomorphism on a compact space and the associated Hilbert bimodule. This Hilbert bimodule has both a Toeplitz algebra and a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, which is a quotient of the Toeplitz algebra. Both algebras carry natural gauge actions of the circle, and hence one can obtain natural dynamics by lifting these actions to actions of the real numbers. We study KMS states of these dynamics at, above, and below a certain critical value. For inverse temperature larger than the critical value, we find a large simplex of KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra. For the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, the KMS states all have inverse temperatures below the critical value. Our results for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra overlap with recent work of Thomsen, but our proofs are quite different. At the critical value, we build a KMS state of the Toeplitz algebra which factors through the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. To understand KMS states below the critical value, we study the backward shift on the infinite path space of an ordinary directed graph. Merging our results for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of shifts with the recent work about KMS states of the graph algebras, we show that Thomsen's bounds on of the possible inverse temperature of KMS states are sharp. In the second component, we consider a family of *-commuting local homeomorphisms on a compact space and build a compactly aligned product system of Hilbert bimodules (in the sense of Fowler). This product system also has two interesting algebras, the Nica-Toeplitz algebra and the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. For these algebras, the gauge action is an action of a higher-dimensional torus, and there are many possible dynamics obtained by composing with different embeddings of the real line in the torus. We use the techniques from the first component of the thesis to study the KMS states for these dynamics. For large inverse temperature, we describe the simplex of the KMS states on the Nica-Toeplitz algebra. To study KMS states for smaller inverse temperature, we consider a preferred dynamics for which there is a single critical inverse temperature, which we can normalise to be 1. We then find a KMS1 state for the Nica-Toeplitz algebra which factors through the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We then illustrate our results by considering different backward shifts on the infinite path space of some higher-rank graphs

Nano Titania Applications in Cancer Theranostics

Titanium is one of the most abundantly utilized nanomaterials for human consumption. Biomedical applications of nano titania include sunscreens, drug delivery, prosthetic implants, bioimaging probes, and antimicrobial and antirheumatic agents for various treatment of diseases, including autoimmune disease, neurogenerative diseases, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cancer. Its applications as a drug delivery vehicle and photosensitizer in cancer therapy and diagnosis are highly appreciated, especially for skin and natural cavities applications. The reactive oxygen species (i.e., H2O2, OH., OH2, 1O2, etc.) generation properties of nano titania after activation with light or ultrasound make it ideal for apoptosis induction in neoplastic cells. In addition, the singlet oxygen (1O2) generating properties make it suitable for bioimaging deep-seated and superficial tumors after activation. Nano titania is highly biocompatible with negligible adverse effects. In this chapter, we will focus on the anticancer effects of nano titania on various types of cancers by employing it as a drug delivery vehicle and sensitizer for external source-activated modalities viz. photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy

Equilibrium States on Toeplitz Algebras

This thesis describes the equilibrium states (the KMS states) of dynamical systems arising from local homeomorphisms. It has two main components. First, we consider a local homeomorphism on a compact space and the associated Hilbert bimodule. This Hilbert bimodule has both a Toeplitz algebra and a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, which is a quotient of the Toeplitz algebra. Both algebras carry natural gauge actions of the circle, and hence one can obtain natural dynamics by lifting these actions to actions of the real numbers. We study KMS states of these dynamics at, above, and below a certain critical value. For inverse temperature larger than the critical value, we find a large simplex of KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra. For the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, the KMS states all have inverse temperatures below the critical value. Our results for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra overlap with recent work of Thomsen, but our proofs are quite different. At the critical value, we build a KMS state of the Toeplitz algebra which factors through the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. To understand KMS states below the critical value, we study the backward shift on the infinite path space of an ordinary directed graph. Merging our results for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of shifts with the recent work about KMS states of the graph algebras, we show that Thomsen's bounds on of the possible inverse temperature of KMS states are sharp. In the second component, we consider a family of *-commuting local homeomorphisms on a compact space and build a compactly aligned product system of Hilbert bimodules (in the sense of Fowler). This product system also has two interesting algebras, the Nica-Toeplitz algebra and the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. For these algebras, the gauge action is an action of a higher-dimensional torus, and there are many possible dynamics obtained by composing with different embeddings of the real line in the torus. We use the techniques from the first component of the thesis to study the KMS states for these dynamics. For large inverse temperature, we describe the simplex of the KMS states on the Nica-Toeplitz algebra. To study KMS states for smaller inverse temperature, we consider a preferred dynamics for which there is a single critical inverse temperature, which we can normalise to be 1. We then find a KMS1 state for the Nica-Toeplitz algebra which factors through the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We then illustrate our results by considering different backward shifts on the infinite path space of some higher-rank graphs